{"id":10620,"date":"2026-09-16T09:21:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medidirect.eu\/?post_type=product&#038;p=10620"},"modified":"2026-09-16T09:22:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:22:00","slug":"s-isomer-ketamin","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/medidirect.eu\/nl\/shop\/s-isomer-ketamin\/","title":{"rendered":"S-ISOMER KETAMIN"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-path-to-node=\"8\">S-Isomer Ketamine <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"((2S)\\text{-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride})\" data-index-in-node=\"18\">$((2S)\\text{-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one hydrochloride})$<\/span>, commonly referred to as esketamine, is the isolated pharmacologically active <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(S)\\text{-(+)}\" data-index-in-node=\"175\">$(S)\\text{-(+)}$<\/span> optical isomer of racemic ketamine. In clinical pharmacodynamics and forensic chemistry, standardized analytical formulations of the S-enantiomer serve as crucial reference materials for studying rapid-acting glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and stereoselective drug metabolism.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Chemical &amp; Pharmacodynamic Properties<\/b><\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"10\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Molecular Formula &amp; Mass:<\/b> <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\text{C}_{13}\\text{H}_{16}\\text{ClNO} \\cdot \\text{HCl}\" data-index-in-node=\"26\">$\\text{C}_{13}\\text{H}_{16}\\text{ClNO} \\cdot \\text{HCl}$<\/span> | 274.19 g\/mol (hydrochloride salt)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Receptor Mechanism of Action:<\/b> Functions primarily as an uncompetitive, voltage-dependent channel blocker of open NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. By binding specifically to the phencyclidine (PCP) site within the ion channel pore, it reduces calcium (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\text{Ca}^{2+}\" data-index-in-node=\"260\">$\\text{Ca}^{2+}$<\/span>) and sodium (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\text{Na}^{+}\" data-index-in-node=\"288\">$\\text{Na}^{+}$<\/span>) influx.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Synaptic Plasticity &amp; Neurogenesis:<\/b> NMDA inhibition leads to a transient disinhibition of GABAergic interneurons, causing a localized surge of glutamate that stimulates <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\alpha\" data-index-in-node=\"169\">$\\alpha$<\/span>-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. This pathway triggers the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade, promoting rapid dendritic spine growth in the prefrontal cortex.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Secondary Targets:<\/b> Exhibits weak affinity for opioid <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\mu\" data-index-in-node=\"53\">$\\mu$<\/span> en <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"\\kappa\" data-index-in-node=\"61\">$\\kappa$<\/span> receptors, monoamine transporters (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine), and sigma-1 receptors.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Clinical Applications &amp; Pharmacokinetics<\/b><\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"12\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"12,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Therapeutic Profile:<\/b> The S-isomer is the active pharmaceutical ingredient in FDA-approved therapies for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation, as well as an adjuvant in specialized surgical anesthesia and acute analgesia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"12,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Metabolism &amp; Elimination:<\/b> Rapidly metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 enzymes via <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N\" data-index-in-node=\"102\">$N$<\/span>-demethylation to active <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(S)\\text{-norketamine}\" data-index-in-node=\"128\">$(S)\\text{-norketamine}$<\/span>, which retains approximately one-third of the parent compound&#8217;s NMDA receptor affinity. Demonstrates a terminal elimination half-life of roughly 2 to 4 hours with primary renal excretion.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Toxicological Risks &amp; Regulatory Governance<\/b><\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"14\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Clinical Safety Profile:<\/b> Direct in vivo exposure carries risks of transient dissociative emergence reactions, perceptual alterations, marked blood pressure and heart rate elevation, cognitive sedation, and respiratory depression at anesthetic dosages. Chronic frequent exposure is associated with urinary tract toxicity, specifically ketamine-induced ulcerative cystitis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Controlled Substance Classification:<\/b> In the United States, esketamine and ketamine salts are designated as Schedule III controlled substances under the Controlled Substances Act (Class B in the United Kingdom; Schedule II\/IV internationally depending on jurisdiction). Procurement, custody, and disposal require appropriate institutional licensing, DEA registration, and hazardous chemical handling controls.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n    <div class=\"xs_social_share_widget xs_share_url after_content \t\tmain_content  wslu-style-1 wslu-share-box-shaped wslu-fill-colored wslu-none wslu-share-horizontal wslu-theme-font-no wslu-main_content\">\n\n\t\t\n        <ul>\n\t\t\t        <\/ul>\n    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S-Isomer Ketamine (Esketamine hydrochloride) is the dextrorotatory <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(S)\\text{-(+)}\" data-index-in-node=\"67\">$(S)\\text{-(+)}$<\/span> enantiomer of the arylcyclohexylamine dissociative anesthetic ketamine. Operating as a potent, uncompetitive <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N\" data-index-in-node=\"191\">$N$<\/span>-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, it exhibits roughly 3- to 4-fold higher receptor binding affinity and anesthetic\/antidepressant potency compared to the <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(R)\\text{-(-)}\" data-index-in-node=\"360\">$(R)\\text{-(-)}$<\/span> enantiomer. Formulated for analytical calibration, mass spectrometry workflows, and neurobiological investigation, this compound is restricted strictly to qualified laboratory, forensic, and licensed clinical research. Not for unauthorized human or veterinary consumption.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":10622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""}},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[688,107,290],"product_tag":[901,937,935,939,941,936,899,934,940,938],"class_list":["post-10620","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-antidepressants","product_cat-painkillers","product_cat-research-chemicals","product_tag-analytical-reference-standard","product_tag-antidepressants","product_tag-esketamine-hcl","product_tag-glutamatergic-modulator","product_tag-neuropharmacology-research","product_tag-nmda-receptor-antagonist","product_tag-research-chemicals","product_tag-s-isomer-ketamine","product_tag-schedule-iii-substance","product_tag-treatment-resistant-depression","instock","sale","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>S-ISOMER KETAMIN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S-Isomer Ketamine (Esketamine) analytical reference standard and NMDA receptor antagonist for clinical, neurochemical, and in vitro pharmacological research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medidirect.eu\/nl\/shop\/s-isomer-ketamin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S-ISOMER KETAMIN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S-Isomer Ketamine (Esketamine hydrochloride) is the dextrorotatory $(S)text{-(+)}$ enantiomer of the arylcyclohexylamine dissociative anesthetic ketamine. 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